Gutenberg文学英语语料库（Glec，Jacobs，2018a）为数字人文，计算语言学或神经认知诗学提供了丰富的文本数据来源。在这项研究中，我们解决了GLEC中不同文学类别的差异，以及作者之间的差异。我们报告了三项研究的结果，提供i）GLEC（即儿童和青年，散文，小说，戏剧，诗歌，故事）及其> 100作者，II）语义复杂性的新措施的主题和情绪分析作为Glec（例如，Jane Austen的六个小说）的工程的文学，创造力和书籍美容的指标，以及使用语义复杂性的新功能的文本分类和作者认可的两个实验。关于两种新型措施的数据估算文本的文献，文字术语和逐步距离（Van Cranenburgh等，2019）透露，戏剧是Glec中最具文学的文学，其次是诗歌和小说。计算文本创造力的新索引（Gray等，2016）揭示了诗歌和戏剧，作为最具创造力的作者，最具创造力的作者（米尔顿，教皇，Keats，Byron或Wordsworth）。我们还为Glec的作品计算了一种新颖的言语艺术感知的美丽指数，并预测Emma是奥斯汀的大小是最美丽的小说。最后，我们证明了这些语义复杂性的这些新颖的措施是文本分类和作者认可的重要特征，以及整体预测准确性在.75到.97范围内的整体预测精度。我们的数据为阅读心理学的未来计算和实验研究以及提供了多种基准和基准，用于分析和验证其他书籍语料库的途径。

可见的红外人员重新识别（REID）旨在认识到RGB和IR摄像机网络中的同一个人。一些深度学习（DL）模型已直接纳入了两种模式，以在联合表示空间中区分人。但是，由于RGB和IR模式之间数据分布的较大域转移，因此这个跨模式的REID问题仍然具有挑战性。 ％本文引入了一种新的方法，用于创建中间虚拟域，该域在训练过程中充当两个主要领域（即RGB和IR模式）之间的桥梁。该中间域被视为在测试时间无法获得的特权信息（PI），并允许将此跨模式匹配任务制定为在特权信息（LUPI）下学习的问题。我们设计了一种新方法，以在可见的和红外域之间生成图像，这些方法提供了其他信息，以通过中间域的适应来训练深层REID模型。特别是，通过在训练过程中采用无色和多步三重态损失目标，我们的方法提供了通用的特征表示空间，这些空间对大型可见的红外域移动具有牢固的功能。 ％关于挑战性可见红外REID数据集的实验结果表明，我们提出的方法始终提高匹配的准确性，而在测试时没有任何计算开销。该代码可在：\ href {https://github.com/alehdaghi/cross-modal-re-id-iid-via-lupi} {https://github.com/alehdaghi/alehdaghi/cross-modal-re-re-id-i-id--i- id-i--i- id-id-i--i--via-lupi} { Via-Lupi}

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

Quantum神经网络（QNN）围绕有效分析量子数据产生兴奋。但是，对于许多QNN架构，这种兴奋是通过指数消失的梯度的存在，被称为贫瘠高原景观。最近，已经提出了量子卷积神经网络（QCNNS），涉及一系列卷积和汇集层，其减少Qubits的数量，同时保留有关相关数据特征的信息。在这项工作中，我们严格地分析了QCNN架构中参数的渐变缩放。我们发现梯度的方差不会比多项式更快地消失，这意味着QCNN不会表现出贫瘠的强力。这为随机初始化QCNN的培训提供了一种分析保证，该初始化QCNNS突出显示QCNNS在随机初始化下是与许多其他QNN架构的可训练。为了获得我们的结果，我们介绍了一种基于图形的基于图形的方法，以分析哈尔分布式统一的预期值，这可能在其他情况下很有用。最后，我们执行数值模拟以验证我们的分析结果。

Many scientific fields study data with an underlying structure that is a non-Euclidean space. Some examples include social networks in computational social sciences, sensor networks in communications, functional networks in brain imaging, regulatory networks in genetics, and meshed surfaces in computer graphics. In many applications, such geometric data are large and complex (in the case of social networks, on the scale of billions), and are natural targets for machine learning techniques. In particular, we would like to use deep neural networks, which have recently proven to be powerful tools for a broad range of problems from computer vision, natural language processing, and audio analysis. However, these tools have been most successful on data with an underlying Euclidean or grid-like structure, and in cases where the invariances of these structures are built into networks used to model them.Geometric deep learning is an umbrella term for emerging techniques attempting to generalize (structured) deep neural models to non-Euclidean domains such as graphs and manifolds. The purpose of this paper is to overview different examples of geometric deep learning problems and present available solutions, key difficulties, applications, and future research directions in this nascent field.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.

Variational autoencoders model high-dimensional data by positing low-dimensional latent variables that are mapped through a flexible distribution parametrized by a neural network. Unfortunately, variational autoencoders often suffer from posterior collapse: the posterior of the latent variables is equal to its prior, rendering the variational autoencoder useless as a means to produce meaningful representations. Existing approaches to posterior collapse often attribute it to the use of neural networks or optimization issues due to variational approximation. In this paper, we consider posterior collapse as a problem of latent variable non-identifiability. We prove that the posterior collapses if and only if the latent variables are non-identifiable in the generative model. This fact implies that posterior collapse is not a phenomenon specific to the use of flexible distributions or approximate inference. Rather, it can occur in classical probabilistic models even with exact inference, which we also demonstrate. Based on these results, we propose a class of latent-identifiable variational autoencoders, deep generative models which enforce identifiability without sacrificing flexibility. This model class resolves the problem of latent variable non-identifiability by leveraging bijective Brenier maps and parameterizing them with input convex neural networks, without special variational inference objectives or optimization tricks. Across synthetic and real datasets, latent-identifiable variational autoencoders outperform existing methods in mitigating posterior collapse and providing meaningful representations of the data.